Plant Nanotechnology by Chittaranjan Kole D. Sakthi Kumar & Mariya V. Khodakovskaya

Author:Chittaranjan Kole, D. Sakthi Kumar & Mariya V. Khodakovskaya
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Springer International Publishing, Cham

8.3.1 Metal-Based Nanoparticles

8.3.1.1 Silica-Based Nanoparticles

Chang and colleagues showed the delivery of DNA using 100-nm mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) to the cortical cells and endodermis of intact roots of Arabidopsis. The localization and subcellular distribution of MSNs in the roots were examined through transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The results showed that TMAPS/F-MSNs (N-trimethoxysilylpropyl-N,N,N-trimethylammonium chloride labeled MSNs) were present in cortical cells, endodermal cells, pericycle, and vasculature of the root. Subcellular distribution studies of MSNs in root cells showed that MSNs were accumulated in cell walls, cytoplasm, seldom plastids, nuclei, and small vesicles. In addition, the accumulation of some MSNs in vesicles advocates that endocytosis might be one of the uptake routes. Most importantly, the occurrence of MSNs at the cell nucleus notifies that the nanoparticles could penetrate the nuclear envelope or nuclear pore (Fig. 8.4) (Chang et al. 2013).

Fig. 8.4Transmission electron microscopy of Arabidopsis root tissue confirming distribution of MSN. a Root section showing organization of tissues from the epidermal cells to the vascular bundle; b The presence of MSNs (black arrow) in the cortical cell (Cor) as seen in an enlarged view of the yellow box in a; c The presence of MSNs (black arrow) in the endodermal (En) and pericycle (Pc) cells in an enlarged view of the red box in a; d The presence of MSNs (blue arrow) in the vascular bundle (Vb); e localization of MSNs is in the cell wall (Cw) (red arrow) or penetration through the plasma membrane (entered the cell) (yellow arrows); f–h MSNs accumulation (yellow arrow) in the cytoplasm (Cp) (f) or in the plastid (P) (g); (h) nucleus (N) after penetrating cell wall; i MSNs accumulation in vesicles (V) (yellow arrows). Scale bars a 20 mm; b 200 nm; c and d 500 nm; e–i 200 nm. Ep epidermis; Cor cortex; En endodermis; Pc pericycle; Vb vascular bundle; Cp cytoplasm; Cw cell wall; P plastid; M mitochondrion; N nucleus; V vacuole; RER rough endoplasmic reticulum [adapted from Chang et al. (2013)]

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